Vintage SONY Digital Clock Radio ICF-C12W no audio

[Agent24]

Thanks, Stj and CapLeaker. So, you don't think it's Q2. But, if I am to remove it and it turns out to be bad, I'd have to have a replacement part as there is no point in swapping them as I'd be still left with a faulty one in the circuit... Removing Q2 is something I don't how I'll manage to do. It is immersed in some kind of hardened paste. Can I buy a few 2SC930 transistors and just put the leads of the new one onto the pads where the existing Q2 is soldered? If the old one was bad, would the new one in parallel "take over"? This would save me the trouble of actually removing Q2 if it wouldn't be necessary - but, I am willing to try here whatever you guys suggest.
However, Q1 wouldn't be too difficult to remove.

If you do buy a new transistor you may find BF495 easier to get as a substitute. But be aware the pinout may be different.

[Agent24]

need a 455KHz source,
i wonder how cheap one can be made!

https://electronbunker.ca/eb/SignalGen455.html ?

[UserXP]

Thank you, all. Yes, I found a list of substitutes/equivalents of certain phased out components. While we were troubleshooting the low voltage issue, I found replacements for Q5-Q7, having the idea of changing them back then to see what would happen. There is a local electronics shop where I live and their website actually offers an available substitute part for the item searched. So finding a replacement locally isn't impossible.
I can buy some and try with Q1 first as it is easy to remove. I really hope it won't be in vain like with other unsoldered original components that turned out fine - which would leave us with no solution yet. I still hope for that "Aha!" moment. 🙂

[stj]

you could "borrow" parts from a working radio to see what actually is needed

[UserXP]

you could "borrow" parts from a working radio to see what actually is needed

Nnno... I wouldn't want to disassemble it that far. I fear I might end up with two inoperative units. 😃
it is safer for me to buy a few of those transistors and see if they would change anything in the faulty unit. 🙂

[UserXP]

I checked the soldered Q1 and Q2, they are 2SC1675 IF signal amplifier.
I found these equivalents: BF241, BF255 and BF495 as Agent24 has already suggested. I also found 2SC930 new old stock.

[UserXP]

OK, this is the C930 that I was able to find. Will it match for Q1, should I go with the replacement?
Also, how to check which pin is E and which is C? I know I can determine the base, it should have positive to negative probe voltage drop of ~0.7V to both C and E. There should be no flow between C and E. But how will I know which one is which?
This transistor is flat on both sides.

[Agent24]

OK, this is the C930 that I was able to find. Will it match for Q1, should I go with the replacement?
Also, how to check which pin is E and which is C? I know I can determine the base, it should have positive to negative probe voltage drop of ~0.7V to both C and E. There should be no flow between C and E. But how will I know which one is which?
This transistor is flat on both sides.

If it's the same model as the old one, it should be the same pinout.
The text marking should be on the same side.
So just put it in the same way around as the original one, with the text facing the same way.

Otherwise, you can check with the datasheet, which will tell you the pinout.
In the datasheet stj posted, you can see the pinout.

Yes the case is flat on both sides but there is a bevel edge on one side, that is how you can reference the pinout.