So the 4 strips tested at 30V, 300mA per strip would appear to show the leds are fine. The board says 140V @ 260mA. With 4 strips in series would be about right.
without the schematic for the power supply it is difficult know what else to check.
However the Backlight On and P_Dim should not be 0V and you already said that with the main board disconnected and connecting A5 to BL_ON using a 1K resistor and A5 to P_Dim again using a second 1K resistor did not bring the leds on.
What DCV do you have between GND and the Cathode (band) of DM852? That Voltage (low Voltage) is the feeding Voltage that feed the Boost converter circuit to produce the 140VDC for the LED.
I expect to see that feeding Voltage (low Voltage) to be present at all time.
The IC looks very much like a FAN7340 in layout. Can you measure very carefully what DC voltages you have on the pins 1 - 16 with the black meter lead connected to pin 3.
Just taken another look at the information you provided.
If the drain of the mosfet is at 124V then that should pass through a diode and arrive at CNL802.
Can you confirm the 124V is on pins "Top1-"
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