After installing the replacement battery, the laptop charged very slowly, reaching only 20% before ceasing to charge altogether. Now it only runs off the battery, and when the charger is plugged in, nothing happens. The DC jack shows a voltage of 19v at the back.
Measure the resistance to ground of the REGN pin # 24. The voltage should be ~6 volts which it is not so there may be a shorted component on this rail which is causing this LDO rail to tank.
Next, locate the 2 x DCin mosfets that will be between the DCin power connector and the main power rail used to power the logic board.
The GATE pins of both of these DCin mosfets will be driven by the ACDRV pin of this charger IC but there will be a ~4k resistor in series of this pin.
Suspecting that you have a defective DCin mosfet which is causing chaos with the charger IC.
Remove all power -> meter in resistance mode -> measure the resistance across the DCin mosfets to check if they are defective.
These mosfet readings look ok. Based on the posted details, suggest to replace the charger IC. Aliexpress will have these. Recommend to also order spare mosfets that surround the charger IC as these parts are often the ones that fail.
Given that the charger IC is being powered ok (Vcc is fed from the raw adapter voltage), then REGN should be ~6 volts but it is not.
If you have not checked already, remove all power, meter in resistance mode.
Check the resistance to ground of REGN to confirm it is not shorted through the local filter capacitor.
Do the same for the ACDRV pin. Measure each directly at the charger IC body.
The DCin mosfets, etc. are very inexpensive and the same vendor of the charger IC can support the mosfet sourcing.
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