Thank you for the speedy response!
I am not sure if I want to pour any more money into the repair, since I suspect that these shorts are just simptoms of the real problem.
The most important thing i must know that what is the nominal resistance of the CPU VCCCORE. Sadly I did not find any information regarding this chip I have.
It is not promising that my measurements show a sub 1 ohm resistance. I'll try to remove every component of the faulty power bus and hope for the best.
The odd thing is, that the CPU is working as intended but heats excessively, while in the bios...

Hi!

I have (had ) an asus gu502gv laptop. The first failure was a main 19v bus short, a capacitor have failed. After replacing it, the laptop had a solid 2 hour run after it shut down again. This time the switching regulator fet has shorted. After replacing that one, the laptop came to life, got to bios and after aprox. 10 mins it shorted again. I replaced the driver IC, replaced the fet, and now an other fet shorted.
I measured the resistance on the VCCCORE and got ~1 Ohm, and 0.15 Ohm on the graphics power bus.
How can I check if the CPU is the cause of all of my problems?...