I thought it must be something like that but I couldn't figure out how the variable resistor was affecting the base voltage. But now I see my schematic was wrong and that caused the confusion.
I have been trying to repair a simple power supply from a student microscope base (3 of them in fact). It has a 230 to 12V transformer which gives a 12V AC input to the attached schematic (which I think is correct but I made it myself, so there may be errors - please correct me where needed).
My knowledge of electronics is very limited and I'm struggling to understand what role the transistor plays in the attached circuit (and if it is shown with the correct orientation).
I've attached photos of the board (the image of the rear side is flipped to...
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